Na 143 mmol/L (normal range 134-146 mmol/L)

K+ 3.9 mmol/L (normal range 3.4-5.0 mmol/L)

Ca 2.3 mmol/L (normal range 2.15-2.60 mmol/L)

Creatinine 95 µmol/L (normal range 50-95 µmol/L for adult females)

Urea 5.7 mmol/L (normal range 134-3.0-8.0 mmol/L)


Renal function is assessed to rule out metabolic disturbance or kidney dysfunction. Results are within normal range.Electrolytes disturbance (eg hyponataemia) is a common cause of confusion.  Results are within normal range.